How does one inherit colorblindness?

Color blindness can be inherited or aqcuired. I will be covering those inherited. Also, colorblindness is primarily x-linked ,but it has been discovered that some mutations capable of causing color blindness originate from at least 19 different chromosomes and 56 different genes. The type I will focus on is monochromacy. This is complete and total colorblindness. There are two others wich are dichromacy and trichromacy.  Monochromacy is inherited in the x chromosome. Therefore, the possible genotypes are X'Y(affected male)  ,XY(unaffected male)  ,X'X(carrier female)  ,and X'X'(affected female). Other causes of color blindness include brain or retinal damage caused by shaken baby syndrome,and accidents and other trauma which produce swelling of the brain in the occipital lobe.
http://www.uic.edu/com/eye/LearningAboutVision/EyeFacts/ColorBlindness.shtml
http://psychology.ucalgary.ca/pace/VA-Lab/colourperceptionweb/congenital.htm

What is a genetic counselor?

A genetic counselor advises and guides a client who has a genetic disorder in understanding the disease and making decisions.  A genetic counselor has a masters degree in genetic counseling and has studied genetic diseases and how those diseases run in families.

There a few different areas in genetic counseling

• Clinical - working with patients and families in hospitals, private practice, or on a consulting basis. Genetic counselors may specialize in genetic counseling in the prenatal, pediatric, cancer-risk, adult, cardiovascular, hematology, neurogenetics setting. Commercial - working with biotech companies which design, sell, and administer genetic tests
• Diagnostic Laboratories – working as a liaison between the diagnostic laboratory and referring physicians and their patients
• Education and Public Policy - teaching and advising companies, students, and lawmakers
• Research – working as a study coordinator for research projects involved in genetics
   

http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/medicine/genecounseling.shtml

http://www.genetichealth.com/Resources_What_Is_Genetic_Counseling.shtml